Media Effects Body Image Essay

Over the past 10 years, mass media and the access to easy-disposed net live ons has evolved substantially causing the effects of negative self-image and what is considered charming. Body image expectations for both African-American male and female share the battles of societys expectations, yet African American women dust images come with a stricter and more unhealthy stigma growth of social media such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter brings these expectations of self-image into our homes and our children minds. The Internet is easily the most permeant form of mediated communication that we encounter in our lives. Even traditional forms of mass communication drive us toward the Internet (Bryant, Thompson & Finklea, 295).Social networks influences negative self-image and expectations of what is beautiful to society. Beauty expectations has a long standing history into our lives, but comparing the ontogeny in body augmentations, extreme dieting and even bulimia ill at ease(p ) in our generation is heavily related to mass media. Over exposure to social networks may contribute to the development of low discrepancy for sexual appetency with partner, negative views toward self-body image, and even the need to suck ink illegal avenues for plastic surgery.As humans, we execute to rate ourselves pretty harsh and I believe social media networks constitute ca utilize an increase for the expectations of body image. Recently, the media has had a huge impact on relationships, the proper raising of children and especially the ideal body that an African- American muliebrity should redeem. Although, I do highly believe that we should improve womans health, I also know that every person doesnt look like the model we see on television. In the African American culture, recently, it has been a turn of times and the media refined-ideal is being curvy at bottom our community. Every new music video and social media networks put the black woman with the tiny waist wit h huge thighs and butt as the perfect woman. The impact of themedia is causing a change in African American women views on their lives, body and everyplaceall expectations as what a black woman should look like. It is well kn knowledge that obesity and being curvier than other races is well documented inside society, yet its now becoming an issue with our society to enhance these features that we are so well kn make for. Even for the gross thin-ideal woman that is often represent in the media is typically 15% below the average weight of women, representing an unrealistic standard of thinness (tall, with narrow hips, long legs, and thin thighs) (Johnson, Tobin, & Steinberg, 1989).Yet within the African American culture, video vixens promote their bodies as a sign of owning who they are and controlling the situation regardless of what they may have on. Still another perspective is that of Melyssa Ford, the highest paid video girl to date (Byrd and Solomon, 2005) who describes her v ulnerability on video shoots, objectification by men, and the process of reclaiming power over her own body, which she describes as her commodity. Without denial, Melyssa Ford is a well-educated woman and one of the few vixens who have used her body to open doors to new opportunities, but believing her body is the golden ticket is the main issue that I have with the media influence. These contrasting perspectives demonstrate the complexity of issues (e.g., the range of perceptions about womans objectification) and pose scathing questions for scholars who seek to understand contemporary Black womens experiences (Byrd and Solomon, 2005). The idea that the African American woman has been created as an object and should have a particular body to be accepted into their culture as the ideal African American woman. Black culture has always been the more voluptuous curves in women, yet those women were considered cornbread cater and the ones who werent blessed with these assets, didnt go out their way for unethical surgical practices.The social media negative influence on African American women ontogenesis up within the 21st century has made it seem the simple life is depending on the curves of your body, instead the knowledge of your mind and the power in your beliefs. halal parenting is started at home, yet with social networks being such a part of our childrens lives, the media is also in the homes. In the process of the media influence, I believe the richness of the media understanding the black culture and the expectations of a womans curves also cause many medical issues that we are associated with, such as Type I and II diabetes,high blood pressure and obesity. With overweight being accepted in most black families homes, the media and social networks should deter as much as possible from promoting the oversexed woman is the ideal woman. The effect social networks has on the children coming behind us is powerful and I believe the power of the media should b e used more effectively. There is evidence that social media influences behaviors at home because women such as Ford promotes her body as her job, just as woman who is a part of the corporate community, but her body expectation is for her job, natural African American women are not all curvy. I had the opportunity to verbalise with several close friends who utilize social networks as often as I do and I wanted to know their take on their own body image when looking at different women on Facebook or Instagram.Do they feel the need to conform and seek that particular body? Do they feel less beautiful that moment when looking at these women? Although all of them stated they didnt feel any less beautiful and was comfortable within their skin, they did state it causes them to want to stay in the gym more or avoid a meal for the sake of staying the ideal body type as an African American woman. But 23 of the women claimed they did have a lower sexual discrepancy when it came to being with their mates and questioned themselves during sexual intimacy afterward looking at these women. 13 of the women even resulted in having plastic surgery for a breast implant after seeing the changes in a models career off of Instagram because she felt like this would increase her chances of understanding a husband. Social comparison theory is one of the few theories that are commonly used by mass communication scholars to understand the relationship between media exposure and body image disturbance (Zhang, Dixon & Conrad, 266). The ideal African American woman portrayed in the media and on social networks is difficult, almost impossible, for the majority of the women if you want to live a normal, healthy life.When you have a certain type of body within the African American community, the woman seems to be more glorified by men and catches the attention quickly. Yet, often African American women who have curvy shapes find themselves not liking the attention because of comments. The effects of lower discrepancy are basically the lack of compatibility between two individuals and this may increase with the harsh media influence. I believe social networks and media influence has caused African American women to want a voluptuous bodybecause apparently this is what gets a man attention. Stice and Shaw (1994), suggested that as women internalize the thin-idea/media image, they tend to experience heighted body dissatisfaction, set unrealistic body dimension goals, and ultimately engage in disordered behaviors designed to achieve the thin-ideal body image (Hawkins et al, 2004). The increase of plastic surgery within the Black American culture probably has increased within the last five years due to the wanting of boastfully buttocks and smaller waist which media makes to believe this is what a Black woman should look like.The media so- called expectations of the perfect African American woman cant be the only problem when it comes to the issues the culture experience s toward wanting a certain look. Possibly, the future research will get the attention of media and social media executives to realize their power over the younger generations to develop positive influences and promote healthier lifestyles. In this research, I was able to find that African-American women often compare themselves to images on social networks and although it causes them to work out more, it isnt necessarily causing a healthier lifestyle and positive self-body image.Works CitedBryant, Jennings, Susan Thompson, and Bruce W. Finklea. Fundamentals of Media Effects. 2nd ed. Boston, MA McGraw-Hill, 2002. Print. Byrd, Ayana, and Akiba Solomon. Naked Black Women stark All About Their Skin, Hair, Hips, Lips and Other Parts. New York Penguin Group, 2005. PsychINFO. Web. 4 Apr. 2014. . Hawkins, Nicole, P. Scott Richards, H. Mac Granley, and David M. Stein. The Impact of Exposure to the Thin- Ideal Media Image on Women. University of Houston- PsychINFO. Taylor & Francis, Inc., n. d. Web. 4 Apr. 2014. Johnson, C. L., Tobin, D. I., & Steinberg, S. L. (1989). Etiological, developmental and treatment considerations for bulimia. peculiar(prenominal) issue The bulimic college student Evaluation, treatment and prevention. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 3(2-4), 57-73. Stice, E. Risk Factor for Eating Pathology

An Evaluation of Immanuel Kant’s “The Enlightenment”

In the essay What is Enlightenment, Immanuel Kant (1784) cited his views on enlightenment and how it affects the general globe. He wroteEnlightenment is mans emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to commit ones spirit without guidance from an some other. This immaturity is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and cour while to use it without guidance from another.Kant asseverate that it is only after an individual liberates himself from guidance of others that he testament be able to use the freedom he wants to exercise. In carrying out his duty, for example, man canful argue but he cannot revolt as it most definitely will result to failure.Public and Private ReasoningTalking about achievement of enlightenment, Kant identified two types of argument public and underground. Public lawsuiting is being utilized when an individual makes an argument for the purpose of marking progress. On the other hand, rational workers who use reason in completing their specific jobs exercise private reasoning as the public need not know about their use of reasoning. Besides, people who make use of private reasoning must know how to obey otherwise the completion of the task is impossible.Many examples harbor been cited by Kant in explaining the difference betwixt public and private reasoning. An example is when military men refused to imitate commands. If this happens, their group could no longer be considered military. In a different case, a soldier may follow commands which contrast his personal beliefs but later on will critique what he believes. In this example, he exercises private reasoning in following the commands art object his public use of reasoning is demonstrated in voicing out his complaints.As Lewis Beck (1959) wroteKant seemed to favor public reasoning over private reasoning as he stated that the public use of ones reason alone can bring about enlightenment among men. The private use of reason, on the other hand, may often be very narrowly restricted without particularly hindering the progress of enlightenment.An example involving clergymen and the case of changing the symbol of the church was provided. Kant depict clergymans performance of duties as a private use of reason while making use of public reasoning in fulfilling his responsibilities to the public in making progress. He stated, For if he believed he had found such in them, he could not conscientiously discharge the duties of his office he would have to give it up.Enlightened Age or Age of Enlightenment?According to Kant, we do not live in an learned person age, but rather an age of enlightenment. He stressedAs things now stand, much is lacking which prevents men form being, or easily becoming, capable of correctly using their own reason in religious matters with assurance and free from outside direction. But, on the other hand, we have clear indications that the field has now been opene d wherein men may freely deal with these things and that the obstacles to general enlightenment or the release from self-imposed tutelage are gradually being reduced.His assertion gave a clearer picture of the difference between an enlightened age and an age of enlightenment. In the former, people become religious without clergymen because they would know when to follow rules and when to disobey them. During the age of enlightenment, however, people make progress by utilizing both kinds of reasoning which eventually results in competence or the balance of both public and private use of reason. We must know how to determine when it is overcompensate to obey and right to argue. It enables us to become the managers of our own freedom.Strengths and Weaknesses of Kants ArgumentsKant offered several brilliant ideas in his essay. Specifically, his notions about public and private use of reasoning friend us gain management of our own freedom. And if we know how to live by the rules of rea soning, we will be competent. This later on translates into moving closer to an enlightened age. eyepatch there are really good points in his work, I disagree with some of his views. I personally do not approve of the statement that an enlightened individual should be one who is free of having anything done for him. I strongly believe that man is naturally dependent of other people. We as social beings lock away have to learn from others and must know how to follow rules in the society. It is never wrong to accept the guidance of others as long as we know that it will eventually result to marking personal progress which shall then help in recording societal progress. ReferencesBeck, Lewis. Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. Kant, Immanuel. What is Enlightenment. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1959.Beck, Lewis. Studies in the Philosophy of Kany. New York Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1956.

Catholic Reformation Outline!

Bipin Pant AP Euro Thesis Statement While the crowning(prenominal) objective of the Catholic Reformation was to recognize and broadcast Catholicism. Some aims, methods, and degree of success of the catholic renewal in the 16th century were activities of the Jesuits, the revival of papacy and the Council of Trent. Activities of the Jesuits Established highly disciplined schools The Jesuits took over in catholic universities and by 1600 they were the most famous educators in Europe Propagation of the catholic faith among non-Christians Francis Xavier spread ideas and influenced other countries like JapanThe revival of papacy Pope Paul III (1534-1549) was the turning point to the revival of papacy Appointed a reform commission to study the condition of the Jesuits and summoned the council of Trent A Colloquy was held at Regensburg to settle religious tension peacefully Cardinal Caraffa was chosen pope as Paul IV (1555-1559) Council of Trent Problems such as outbreak in plagues, war between France and Spain, and changing of popes occurred The ladder group ill and only the church could interpret Scripture Both faith and good works worked for salvation he catholic church entered a new phase of its history Conclusion In conclusion, the catholic reformations principal(prenominal) goal was to proceed with Catholicism and some of the aims, methods, and degree of success of the catholic reformation were the activities of the Jesuits, the revival of papacy and the creation of the council of Trent. All these events led up to the new world that we live in and some of these events deepen our education and our knowledge for the world and its view of life. What comes next? Motives of expanding land and The new world.

DNA the Master Code for All Living Things

Bacteria, zebras, mosquitoes, anacondas, essenti ally all living things have atomic number 53 thing in common which makes them what they argon. It is deoxyribonucleic acid. It is ane of the expectantest biological discoveries in the history of mankind. It is not alto worryher related to biology but is tied to the study of chemistry as well because of the convoluted molecular structure. desoxyribonucleic acid is short for the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA or ribonucleic acid is another nucleic acid derived from deoxyribonucleic acid and utilize as a template to make proteins, the product of the genetic code.In an article, What is deoxyribonucleic acid? written by James Randerson, deoxyribonucleic acid is described as, he master code for life the instruction book that all(prenominal) organism uses to run its embody and govern its behavior, a book that each creature hands on to its offspring, either in full or in part. In other words it describes how at multiplicat ion not the whole book (desoxyribonucleic acid) is passed down from recruit to progeny. A novice and mother both guide their deoxyribonucleic acid making the son similar but not identical to his father and mother. Also, because DNA stores all genetic cultivation including diseases, which can be passed down from extension to generation. These diseases be the effect of a athletics in the DNA structure.In 1868, a Swiss physician and biologist extracted a phosphorus containing substance. He called it nuclein because he found it in the nuclei of several cells. He managed to extract this substance from discarded surgical bandages, specifically by examining the pus cells (pus cells are white blood cells). James Watson, an American geneticist, and Francis Crick, a British physicist study in the University of Cambridge, began examining x-ray images made by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. In 1953, James and Francis constructed the first tierce-dimensional model of the DNA str ucture.The model showed all nitrogenous foundings, pentoses (sugar), and phosphate groups. Several years later, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Before the three-dimensional model, Erwin Chargaff discovered a pattern between the base pairs. He discovered that the measurement of adenine is the same amount of thymine. the same is true for the other base pair guanine and cytosine. Chargaffs disco truly led him to understand the basic pairing rules. You might wonder what makes our DNA different from the DNA of a sheep, sea urchin, or a turtle.Based on the studies of Chargaff and the rest of his colleagues at Columbia University, the intravenous feeding nitrogenous bases occur in different ratios in the DNAs of different organisms and that the bases have a numerical relationship. For example, The base composition (mol percentage) of Homo Sapiens is 30. 9 % adenine, 19. 9% guanine, 19. 8% cytosine, and 29. 4% thymine. This shows that Chargaffs study was very helpful for James Watson and Francis Cricks three-dimensional model of a DNA molecule. I chose to enquiry DNA because it is a very interesting topic to discuss.It makes me who I am, my hair, eye, and skin color, my height and weight, overall health, metabolism, etc. I find both biology and chemistry my favorite subjects and DNA because it is a key molecuel that defines health. In the future I plan to become a M. D. (Medical Doctor). I will definitely have to be familiar with this molecule and what DNA sequences mean in case I needed to diagnose a patient with a certain genetic disease. By examining his or her genetic code I could find possible diseases. I really enjoy any type of problem solving. I could utilize this noesis to explore disease in my own family, specifically my dads side.From my grandfather to my own father and uncles, everyone has minor cardiovascular diseases caused by high cholesterol. I want to discover what mutation i n my familys DNA that causes this condition and develop treatments to improve their health. DNA molecules are located in the nucleus of a cell. When they are tightly packed together they are known as chromosomes. The structure of DNA is very complicated. DNA is a reduplicate helix molecule. The structure looks like a twisted ladder. A parallel helix is the molecular structure created from double- mountain rangeed molecules of nucleic acids held together by hy drogen bonding between nucleotides.Nucleotides contain three peculiar(prenominal) components (1) a nitrogenous base, (2) a pentose (sugar), and (3) phosphate group. Four nitrogenous bases make up DNAs support of the double helix adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). These bases are split into two groups. (A) and (G) are in the purine base group and (C) and (T) are in the pyrimidine base groups. In the structure of DNA base pairs are formed between the four bases. A base pair is when two nitrogenous bases ( a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa) are sleepered by weak hydrogen bonds.Adenine (A) and thymine (T) form a base pair and guanine (G) and cytosine C) form a base pair. In the structure of DNA (A) and (T) are held together by two hydrogen bonds, while (C) and (G) are held together by three hydrogen bonds. The next components of DNA form the good sense of the two spiraling strands. The backbones consist of alternating phosphate and pentose (sugar). Two kinds of pentoses are found in nucleic acids, deoxyribose and ribose. Deoxyribose is basically the same as ribose but it has one little oxygen atom in its structure. The phosphate group is connected to the pentose (deoxyribose or ribose) on the backbone of the DNA structure.They are both held together by covalent bonds. The pentose is also connected to the nitrogenous base. When a pentose (sugar) and a base combine it is called a nucleoside. An example of a nucleoside, is when the base thymine bonds with the pentose (sugar) deoxy ribose, deoxythymidine forms. The nucleoside and so combines with the phosphate to make the nucleoside a nucleotide. In the article How DNA Works, Craig Freudenrich explains how the hydrogen bonds between phosphates cause the DNA strand to twist.The nitrogenous bases point inward on the ladder and form pairs with bases on the other side. This makes DNA look somewhat like a spiraling staircase. DNA functions to store the complete genetic information required to specify the structure of all the proteins of each species of organism, to program in time and space the cleanly biosynthesis (the process of converting simple nutrients like sugars, lipids, and amino acids into complex products like, proteins and vitamins) that make cell and tissue, and organs which discover the activities of an organism through place its life cycle, and determine the distinctiveness of the given organism.DNA also has another function. It is meant to be replicated so copies can be passed down from cell to c ell and generation to generation. The National Human Genome research Institute describes the transfer occurs In sexual reproduction, organisms inherit half of their nuclear DNA from the male parent and half from the female parent. However, organisms inherit all of their mitochondrial DNA from the mother. This occurs because only egg cells, and not sperm cells, slide by their mitochondria during fertilization.To complete these instructions, DNA sequences are transcribed into messages made of RNA and ultimately translated into sequences of amino acids to produce proteins. DNA genetic information is composed of specific long sequences of A, T, G, and C. The process begins with the sequences being transferred to a hit strand RNA molecule. RNA is only slightly different from DNA. The important difference between them is that one of the pyrimidine bases are not the same. Thymine is a principal pyrimidine in DNA, while uracil is a principal pyrimidine in RNA.The new RNA (messenger RNA) molecule is a messenger containing transcribed code from the DNA molecule. The mRNA travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. According to The National Human Genome Research Institute, in the cytoplasm the information contained in the mRNA molecule is translated into the language of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This language tells the cells protein-making machinery the precise order in which to link the amino acids to produce a specific protein.This is a major task because there are 20 types of amino acids, which can be placed in many different orders to form a across-the-board variety of proteins. Proteins do most of the work in our bodies they go bad molecules in our bodies, they help us move by making our muscles, they help create our immune system that helps protect from any infections in our body or illnesses, and much more. DNA is one of the greatest discoveries my man. It was not discovered by a single human being but several. DNA is what ma kes a female human to give birth to a baby girl not to a baby giraffe or cub.DNA is passed down from generation to generation by sexual reproduction. Half of the fathers genes and half of the mothers go to their son or daughter. Your DNA is not the same as your brothers because sometimes you get more from your moms side or more from your dads side, it all depends. It is laughable how we are made from a string of DNA molecules that construct our body and make us who we are. DNA is now at a point where we use it for many reasons, not just for research. DNA forensics is one of the most practical ways of using DNA.Forensics is the application of many sciences to discover aspects about a umbrage. A government website describing DNA forensics, lists many examples of DNA uses for Forensic Identification. They include identification of potential suspects whose DNA whitethorn match evidence left at crime scenes exoneration of persons wrongly accused of crimes identification of crime and ca tastrophe victims establishment of paternity and other family relationships identification of endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife officials (could be used for prosecuting poachers) detection of acteria and other organisms that may pollute air, water, soil, and food Matching organ donors with recipients in transmit programs determination of pedigree for seed or livestock breeds and authentication of consumables such as caviar and wine. It is great that DNA has been incorporated into forensics. Hopefully, in the near future, DNA technologies will be incorporated in a variety of other applications.

Reviewer for Science Quiz Bee Essay

1. A prominent Greek philosopher, he was the first soul to study nature systematically. ARISTOTLE 2. He laid the foundation of sophisticated scientific thought and assembled materials for an organized encyclopedia of all knowledge. ARISTOTLE 3. He was the foremost natural philosopher in quaint times. ARISTOTLE 4. A Benedictine nun, she contributed the medical work Causea et Curae et Physica. HILDEGARD OF BENGEN 5. An astronomer who proposed that the fair weather was the center of the universe. -NICOLAS COPERNICUS6. He disc everywhereed the circulation of the boundary of business which ushered in the newborn age in the study of medicine and biology. WILLIAM HARVEY 7. He was the first to raise the squeeze to the sky to study the universe. GALILEO GALILEI 8. He formulated the 3 laws of planetary motion. JOHANNES KEPLER 9. He proposed the surmisal of Evolution. CHARLES DARWIN10. She discovered radioactivity. MADAME MARIE curie 11. He discovered the germ that causes tuberculosi s. ROBERT KOCH 12. He became famous for his work on fermentation and decay. LOUIS PASTEUR 13. He proposed the Theory of Relativity. ALBERT EINSTEIN14. He won the Nobel Prize for his work on photoelectric effect. ALBERT EINSTEIN 15. She de callined the coordinate of biochemical compounds essential I treating pernicious anemia. -DOROTHY HODGKIN16. He is considered as the father of ge other(a)mal push victimization. ARTURO ALCARAZ 17. He invented a fertilizer call farmers pure organic fertilizer. ABRAHAM Q. TADEJA 18. He invented a solar engine that can generate electricity for home use. JESUS ALVERO 19. A national scientist, is lift out remembered for his work on medicinal plants. He discovered over 4,000 plant species. EDUARDO A. QUISUMBING 20. It is the scientific way of solving problems. SCIENTIFIC mode 21. It is a systematic and logical procedure in solving problems. SCIENTIFIC METHOD22. It is a challenge or a task which a scientist undertakes for scientific purposes. PROB LEM 23. It is an educated guess about a certain phenomenon. HYPOTHESIS 24. It refers to the general procedure on how to carry out an experiment. experimental DESIGN 25. These ar the factors that be multiplied or tackd. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 26. These ar the factors that change in reception to the independent variable. DEPENDENT VARIABLE 27. It is a unit of beak used by Egyptians. CUBIT28. It is the distance from the human elbow to the tip of the middle finger. CUBIT 29. It is a modernized version of the metric system. INTERNATIONAL brass OF UNITS/SI brass 30. It provides a logical and interconnected framework for all measurements in science, industry, and commerce. INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS/SI SYSTEM 31. It is used to weigh teensy masses of purposes. PLATFORM BALANCE 32. It is equivalent to a foot and consists of 12 inches. RULER 33. It used in measuring length and distance. RULER34. It used to measure length and distance. It consists of vitamin C centimeters. MET ERSTICK 35. Measures time in seconds, minutes, and hours. STOPWATCH 36. It measures volume of liquids. GRADUATED CYLINDER37. It measures atmospheric temperature. THERMOMETER 38. It measures the major power or weight of objects. SPRING BALANCE 39. These be the digits that indicate the certainty of the go of units in a careful quantity. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES 40. It is a shorthand writing of extremely large or small figures. SCIENTIFIC notational system 41. It is the changing from little to bigger unit and vice versa. CONVERSION 42. It is the distance from virtuoso(a) point to another. continuance43. It is the basic tired unit in the metric system. METER44. It is the space occupied by press. muckle45. It is the amount of matter in an object. MASS46. It refers to the quantity of matter. MASS47. It is a quantity of matter which does not change with altitude of a dwelling. MASS 48. It is used to measure the volume of an irregular object.WATER switching METHOD 49. It is defined as the mass per unit volume. DENSITY50. A Greek mathematician who discovered that the flat coat is round. PYTHAGORAS 51. A Greek mathematician who measured the circumference of the mankind as 25,000 miles. ERATHOSTHENES 52. It is an information gathered using the tailfin senses. OBSERVATION 53. It is a conclusion or an interpretation of events based from observed information. INFERENCE 54. It is used as a container and as a fondnessing gizmo. It measures volume of liquids. BEAKER 55. It is used as a heating apparatus, a container and may be used for measuring the volume of liquids. ERLENMEYER FLASK 56. It is used as a heating apparatus. It is also used as a distilling device for collecting gases. FLORENCE FLASK57. It is used for the prepa balancen of whatsoever solution. VOLUMETRIC FLASK 58. It is used as a container for liquid solutions and powderized chemicals. TEST TUBE 59. It is used to back a test tube while heating. TEST TUBE HOLDER 60. It is used to pick up and hold any hot apparatus. TONGS 61. It is used to distribute evenly the heat of the flame. WIRE veiling 62. It is used as a container of liquids and solids being tested. WIDE-MOUTH BOTTLE 63. It is used to hold an apparatus especially when being heated. BURET CLAMP/TEST TUBE CLAMP 64. It is used to support heating apparatuses. TRIPOD65. It is used for inspiration/mixing liquid or solid potpourris. STIRRING ROD 66. It is used for measuring a small amount of liquid. MEDICINE DROPPER 67. It is used for cleaning any glass apparatus. TEST TUBE mop 68. It is used to pick and hold hot objects. FORCEPS69. It is used to pour liquids from bingle container to another. FUNNEL 70. It is used for cranch solid substances to powderized form. MORTAR AND PESTLE 71. It is used to allow liquids to evaporate. EVAPORATING DISH 72. It is used for scooping solids or any powderized substance. SPATULA AND withdraw 73. It is used to hold test tubes in place. TEST TUBE RACK 74. It is the main heating device in the laboratory in the absence of a Bunsen burner. LABORATORY BURNER 75. It is used to weigh chemicals and smaller masses of objects. PLATFORM BALANCE 76. It is used as a container for specimens being studied. WATCH GLASS77. These are used to thicken printing dyes for the textile industry. ALGINATES 78. It is an herbal plant with medicinal value. It can cure brave ache, diarrhea, and colic. TSAANG-GUBAT 79. It is anything that occupies space and has mass. MATTER 80. This is the attr proceeding in the midst of molecules. INTERmolecular(a) ATTRACTION 81. A precedent that causes the water molecules at the fold to behave as though they are being stretched. SURFACE TENSION 82. It is the rising action of a liquid inside a genuinely fine tube. CAPILLARITY83. The attraction mingled with two different kinds of molecule. ADHESION 84. The attraction between the same(p) kinds of molecule. COHESION 85. It consists of one phase with a decided man. PURE SUBSTANCE 86. Is any material wit h uniform composition. SUBSTANCE87. These are do up of atoms of the same identity. ELEMENTS 88. These are pure substances that can be resolved into unidentical atoms. COMPUNDS 89. A physical combination of two more substances. in terminal figureixture 90. It is a combination of two or more kinds of substance which can be disconnected by physical means. MIXTURE 91. A mixture that has only one distinct phase. HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE 92. A mixture that has two or more distinct phases. HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE 93. A mixture that is made up of 2 or more substances that are mixed together. HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE 94. It is the standard unit for mass based on the SI system of measurement. KILOGRAM 95. It is the measure of the pull of gloominess on an object. WEIGHT 96. The standard unit for measuring weight. NEWTON97. The ability of a matter to degenerate to their original size and shape after being pushed, pulled or subjected to stress. ELASTICITY 98. The ability of a matter to be extended or f lattened and shaped. MALLEABILITY 99. It is the temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy. MELTING window pane 100. It is the temperature at which a liquid starts changing into the gaseous phase. BOILING POINT 101. It describes that matter and cogency cannot be created nor destroyed, however, they can be trans organize. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS102. It was formulated to explain the composition and behavior of matter. MOLECULAR THEORY 103. Even smaller varianceicles that make up a molecule. ATOMS 104. comminutedest jumpicle of an element. ATOM 105. Smallest particle of a compound. MOLECULE 106. It is characterized by a change in the phase or state of a substance. unbendable-arm CHANGE 107. It is characterized by the formation of new substances with new properties and compositions. CHEMICAL CHANGE 108. These are the materials that undergo a change. REACTANTS109. These are the materials form as a result of the chemical change or reaction between the reactants. PRODUCTS 110 . It refers to the process in which the amount of living substances in the body increases. GROWTH 111. The process whereby organisms drive new organisms of the same kind. REPRODUCTION 112. It is that ability to respond to external stimuli. IRRITABILITY113. It means deepenring or shifting from one place or position to another. MOVEMENT 114. It allows an organism to change, helping it to cope with unfavorable changes in the environment. variation 115. It is the basic structural unit of living things. CELL 116. He invented the microscope. ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK117. It is an mover used to elaborate or enlarge minute objects. MICROSCOPE 118. An English scientist, the first person to see mobile phones using a very simple microscope. ROBERT HOOKE 119. It is a thin layer that surrounds and holds the parts of the cell together. CELL MEMBRANE 120. It controls the activities of a cell. center121. It is the jelly-like liquid material of the cell. It contains many cell materials. CYTOPLASM 122. It contains a variety of cell structures. CYTOPLASM 123. These are structures in the cell which generally contain pigments. PLASTIDS 124. These are rubricless plastids that are found in energise cells and storage cells of roots and underground stems. LEUCOPLASTS 125. These carry pigments that give color to the plants. CHROMOPLASTS 126. It contains chlorophyll which traps fire up used in making food. CHLOROPLASTS 127. A green pigment that is essential to photosynthesis. CHLOROPHYLL 128. It provides shape and support to the cell. CELL hem in129. These are filled with water cell sap which contains food, cell secretions, and wastes. VACUOLES 130. It stores water and dissolved materials. VACUOLES 131. Also cognise as suicidal sac, it contains the enzymes which promote the breakdown or digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. LYSOSOMES132. It plays an important role in cell division, it is found in the cytoplasm of most animals and in some blue-green algae. CENTROSOME 13 3. It moves materials within the cells and it maintains its shape. ENDOPLASMIC second stomach 134. It controls the movement of materials in and out of nucleus. thermonuclear MEMBRANE 135. It releases energy, powerhouse of the cell. MITOCHONDRIA 136. This is where proteins are made. RIBOSOME137. It carries the code that controls a cell. CHROMOSOMES 138. It stores and releases chemicals. GOLGI BODIES 139. Small organs found in the cytoplasm of both plant and animal cells. ORGANELLES 140. The interaction between a community and its non-living environment. ECOSYSTEM 141. The study of interactions between living things and their environment. ECOLOGY 142. It includes the different species of living organisms in a token habitat. BIOTIC COMPONENT 143. It refers to the place where organisms live. HABITAT144. It is serene of non-living things. ABIOTIC COMPONENT 145. Are organisms that cannot make their own food. CONSUMERS 146. arrange eaters. HERBIVORES 147. Eats both plant and animal. OM NIVORE 148. It is a pathway of food and energy by an ecosystem. sustenance reach 149. It is a complex network of feeding human relationships made up of many interconnected food chains. FOOD WEB150. This cycle involves photosynthesis and respiration. CARBON DIOXIDE-OXYGEN CYCLE 151. Microorganisms that acts upon the remaining nitrates in the soil. DENITRIFYING BACTERIA 152. It converts nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia into oxygen. DENITRIFYING BACTERIA 153. A relationship when both organisms are benefited. MUTUALISM 154. A relationship wherein one organism is benefited while the other is not harmed. COMMENSALISM 155. The organism that is actually benefited. COMMENSAL156. The organism that is neither harmed nor benefited. HOST 157. A relationship wherein one organism is benefited while the other dies. PREEDATION 158. The organism which captures or kills another animal. PREDATOR 159. The organism which gets killed and eaten alive. PREY160. A relationship where one organism is benefi ted and the other is harmed. PARASITISM 161. A relationship wherein organisms compete for food in order to survive. COMPETITION 162. Ecological relationship in which participating organisms belong to the same species. INTRASPECIFIC 163. Ecological relationship in which participating organisms belong to different species. INTERSPECIFIC 164. It is the process of manufacturing food in green plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS165. A condition in the environment that stops a population from increasing in size. LIMITING means 166. The destruction of forest. DEFORESTATION 167. It is the adding of harmful substances to the environment that can affect all living organisms. POLLUTION 168. It is caused by particulates from motor vehicles and the burning of fuels in homes and factories. origin POLLUTION 169. The wise use of natural resources. CONSERVATION170. It is the corroding away of soil by water, wind, ice, and gravity. EROSION 171. It is the give of removing unhealthy trees and those with little commercial value. IMPROVEMENT shift 172. It is the practice of removing only mature trees as younger trees are left to grow. SELECTIVE CUTTING 173. It is the practice of renewing a forest by seeding or planting small trees. REFORESTATION174. It is the total number of organisms of a species in an ecosystem. POPULATION 175. It is a group of population in an ecosystem. COMMUNITY 176. These are the roles contend by an organism in a community. ECOLOGICAL NICHES 177. It is a diagram which shows the flow of energy in a food chain. ENERGY PYRAMID 178. These are level of energy consumption. TROPHIC LEVELS179. It refers to the land part of the universe. LITHOSPHERE 180. These are the basic building blocks of the lithosphere. ROCKS 181. It is the science that deals with the study of formation, composition, and classification of agitates. PETROLOGY 182. The water part of the earth. HYDROSPHERE183. The continuous depression on the earths surface which holds ocean water. OCEAN BASIN 184. oce an of activate that alone surrounds the earth. ATMOSPHERE 185. It is generated primarily by the northeast trade winds. NORTH EQUATORIAL legitimate 186. It is generated by the southeast trade winds and flows from east to west. SOUTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT 187. It flows towards the east between the two equatorial currents. EQUATORIAL COUNTER CURRENT 188. Are movements of water which result from differences in density of bordering water masses. DENSITY CURRENTS 189. The region drained by a river system. RIVER BASIN190. The height of the land separating one river from another. DIVIDE 191. It is the layer nearest the earth. TROPOSPHERE 192. It contains the ozone layer. STRATOSPHERE 193. The coldest zone of the atmosphere. MESOSPHERE 194. Temperature in this layer increases quickly because of the absorption of energy from the sun. THERMOSPHERE 195. A layer of electrically- supercharged particles which are useful for communications. IONOSPHERE 196. It is the layer that extends out to inter planetary space. EXOSPHERE 197. It is the current state of the atmosphere. run198. It is an instrument used to measure the force of air or air pressure. BAROMETER 199. A device that keeps the record of air pressure of force of air together with its changes for a longer period of time. BAROGRAPH 200. It is the movement of the air caused by varying density. WIND 201. It is the moisture in the atmosphere. HUMIDITY202. It forms when a large part of air in the troposphere stops or moves slowly over a uniform land or water surface. AIR MASS 203. A high pressure area produced by the large pile of air over the earths surface. ANTICYCLONE 204. It appears as a depression or basin in an air mass. CYCLONE 205. It is the fairish state of all weather conditions in an area over a long period of time. modality 206. It has been developed to control and induced precipitation, it is used to disperse fog at airports. CLOUD SEEDING 207. A person who studies the weather. METEOROLOGIST208. It measures wind speed. ANEMOMETER 209. It is used to measure the amount of rain fall. RAIN GAUGE 210. It is a compilation of weather data from many collecting stations. WEATHER MAP 211. It causes the winds direction to change. CORIOLIS outcome 212. The study or science of weather. METEOROLOGY213. The prediction of weather. WEATHER FORECASTING 214. It describes a weather condition with a few clouds and no rain. FINE WEATHER 215. It means that clouds are present which may produce scattered rains but the greater portion of the day will be sunny or without rain. clean-living WEATHER 216. It refers to a condition in which rains occur during a greater portion of the day with light to moderate winds. RAINY WEATHER 217. It refers to a weather condition characterized by rains and strong winds. STORMY WEATHER218. It is the agency responsible for providing information to the people on what to do before, during and after any natural phenomenon. PAG-ASA 219. He published the Origin of Continents and Oce ans. ALFRED WEGENER 220. The theory that suggests that continents had once been one large land mass which had separated and move apart. CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY 221. The great land mass. PANGEA (ALL THE WORLD or ALL NATIONS 222. The theory that explains not only the movements of continents, but also the changes on the earths crust as caused by inwrought forces. PLATE TECTONIC THEORY 223. harmonise to the theory, the earths crust is broken into baseball club large plates and several smaller ones. PLATE TECTONIC THEORY224. It is a minor plate between the Eurasian and the Pacific Plates. PHILIPPINE PLATE 225. Two plates are pulling apart, leaving a severance in between. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES 226. Plates move past one another in opposite directions or in the same direction but at different rates. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES 227. Two colliding plates cause one to go under the other. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES 228. The process wherein successive separations and fillings continue to add new ocean ic crusts between divergent plates. SEA FLOOR SPREADING 229. The average rate of spreading from a typical mid-ocean ridge. 6 CMS/YR 230. Highest mountain in the Philippines. MOUNT APO.231. Highest mountain in the world. MOUNT EVEREST 232. The bending of controversys into folds. FOLDING 233. It is the result when the flap layer slides or slips over one another along the break or fracture. FAULTING 234. It is any trembling or shaking of the earths crust caused by faults. EARTHQUAKE 235. Earthquakes resulting from the movement of the crust or plate. TECTONIC ORIGIN 236. Earthquakes caused by molten magma as it forces its way up from deep under earths crust. VOLCANIC ORIGIN 237. It is an opening on the earths crust through which lava is throw out. VOLCANO238. These are cone-shaped structures undisturbed of alternating flows of andesite lava and ash, cinders, and fragments. STRATO-VOLCANOES OR COMPOSITE VOLCANOES 239. These are volcanoes formed from basalt. shell VOLCANOES 240. T hese volcanoes are formed from violent eruptions that expel fragments of lava in cinders. CINDER VOLCANOES 241. These are volcanoes that erupt periodically or had erupted in recent times. ACTIVE VOLCANOES 242. These are volcanoes that show signs of activity but have not erupted for a considerable length of time. DORMANT VOLCANOES 243. These are volcanoes in which all signs of volcanic activities have ceased. EXTINCT VOLCANOES244. These are formed from cooling and hardening of molten materials which are heavy, usually dark in color, and unlayered. IGNEOUS ROCKS 245. These are formed from sediments, shells, or remains of plants and animal fossils, that were buried and later hardened into rocks. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 246. These are formed from pre-existing igneous and sedimentary rocks as a result of temperature and pressure changes. METAMORPHIC ROCKS 247. The process where rocks change from one form to another as they are affected by natural processes, such as weathering, erosion, great h eat, and pressure. ROCK CYCLE248. The process of breaking down of rocks into fragments brought about by physical or chemical change. WEATHERING 249. The process by which rock fragments and soil are carried along by such agents as wind, water, and gravity. EROSION 250. The process of transferring soil from one place to another. EROSION 251. The process by which eroded rock fragments and soil are deposited in different places. DEPOSITION 252. The process by which deposited soil and rock fragments at the bottom of the sea become cemented and harden into rocks. COMPACTING253. The process where compacted or cemented rock is subjected to great heat and pressure, changing the constitution of the rock. METAMORPHISM 254. It is naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with definite chemical composition. MINERAL 255. It refers to the way light is reflected from a minerals surface. LUSTER 256. It is a minerals resistance to being scratched. HARDNESS 257. A German mineralogist who worke d out a scale of hardness used for mineral identification. FRIEDROCH MOHS 258. It is the hardest mineral. DIAMOND259. It is the softest mineral. TALC 260. It is the color of a mineral in powderized form. STREAK261. The way mineral breaks along smooth, flat planes. CLEAVAGE 262. It refers to the ratio of the minerals mass to the mass of an equal volume of water. SPECIFIC GRAVITY 263. It is the process of excavating and extracting ore or minerals in rocks. MINING 264. It is an organic matter from decayed plant and animal materials. HUMUS 265. It is a good section of all horizons that make up a soil. SOIL PROFILE 266. It consists of less fragmented rock materials, being less exposed to agents of weathering. BEDROCK 267. It refers to coarseness or fineness of the soil particles resulting from the weathering of rocks. SOIL cereal 268. It has the smoothest and finest soil texture. SILT269. It is the soil that is best for farming. LOAM 270. It is the uprising of water from the greater de pths as the surface water is driven offshore. UPWELLING 271. A layer that absorbs or filters harmful rays from the sun. OZONE LAYER 272. It is a mountain-building process. VOLCANISM273. The shape of the earth. OBLATE ellipsoid of revolution 274. The spinning or turning of the earth on its bloc. ROTATION 275. It is the movement of the earth on its axis that gives trick out to the occurrence of day and night. ROTATION 276. The movement of the earth around the sun. REVOLUTION277. The imaginary line which separates the zones of day and night. TWILIGHT CIRCLE 278. The earths axis is tilted at 23 degrees279. The earth completes its revolution once in every 365 and days. 280. Our planets only natural satellite. MOON281. The rise and fall in sea level. TIDE282. It occurs when the moon, the earth, and the sun are in line with one another. bulk large 283. When the sun, moon, and earth fall in one straight line, the sun cannot be sun from a peak on earth because the moon covers it. SOLAR ECLIPSE 284. When the sun, earth, and the moon are aligned, the moon cannot be seen from earth because the earth covers it. LUNAR ECLIPSE 285. The dark inner part of the eclipse. UMBRA286. The lighter outer part of the eclipse. PENUMBRA 287. It is the term used when the suns disk is completely covered by the moon. TOTAL ECLIPSE 288. It is the term used where only a part of the suns disk is covered. PARTIAL ECLIPSE 289. It is defines as the mean distance of the earth from the sun equivalent to 150,000,000km. ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU) 290. It considered as the most spacious or the biggest planet. JUPITER 291. It is the densest among the planets. EARTH292. It is the farthest planet and has the longest period of revolution. PLUTO 293. Are celestial objects made of ice and dust that revolve around the sun. COMETS 294. Are small, stony matters located in the space which hold upes through the earth in orbiting the sun. METEORS also known as SHOOTING STARS 295. Meteors that do not burn comp letely and fall on earth. METEORITES 296. Are meteor chunks that fall on earth.METEORITES297. Are gigantic balls of flaming gases. STARS298. It is the measure of the brightness of a star. MAGNITUDE 299. It refers to the apparent brightness of a star. MAGNITUDE 300. It is the nearest star to the earth. cheer301. It is a medium-sized, middle-aged star of average brightness. SUN 302. An instrument used to learn about the composition of stats. SPECTROSCOPE 303. The process used to determine the size of the stars. INTERFEROMETRY 304. A technique that obtains an image in the surface of a big star. SPECKLE PHOTOGRAPHY 305. It is used to compute the diameter of the star. STEFAN-BOLTZMAN LAW306. These are bounteous groups of stars that move through space as a unit. STAR CLUSTERS 307. These are group of stars that form a definite pattern. CONSTELLATIONS 308. It is the area where the star groups that are always visible are located. NORTH STAR OR POLARIS 309. These are huge systems of billion s of stars and other celestial bodies. GALAXIES 310. It is the galaxy to which our sun belongs. MILKY WAY311. It is a spiraling or rotating group of some 100 billion stars and clouds of dust and gases. MILKY WAY 312. It is composed of millions of galaxies. UNIVERSE 313. The planet that has the highest temperature because of its thick clouds of carbon dioxide. VENUS 314. It is anything that changes the motion and direction of moving objects or that causes an object at rest to start moving. FORCE 315. It is a push or a pull. FORCE316. The force that attracts all objects on earth. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE 317. The force of attraction or repulsion between charged bodies. ELECTRICAL FORCE 318. The force that attracts any metal to the magnet. MAGNETIC FORCE 319. A very strong force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom. NUCLEAR FORCE 320. It resists or opposes the movement of two surfaces in connectedness with one another. FRICTION 321. A force that is present on two surfaces in contact with each other. cope with FORCE 322. It arises when two bodies collide as a result of squeezing, stretching, or bending. CONTACT FORCE323. A force that acts on bodies over great distance. NON-CONTACT FORCE 324. It is done when the force use to an object actually moves the object. WORK 325. It is always a product of a force applied and the distance along which the force acted. WORK 326. These are devices which transform force or energy into useful work. MACHINES 327. It is a rigid bar which is pivoted around a point called fulcrum. LEVER 328. It is made up of a well-grooved wheel over which a rope passes. PULLEY 329. It consists of a wheel attached to an axle. WHEEL AND AXLE 330. It is a spiral, inclined plane. SCREW331. It is a flat surface with one end higher than the other. INCLINED categoric 332. It is a double inclined plane with either one or two sloping sides. thrust 333. It is a unit used to express work. JOULE (J) or NEUTRON METER (Nm) 334. It is the distance and direction through which an object moves. DISPLACEMENT 335. He discovered work. JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE336. It is defined as the capacity to do work. ENERGY 337. It is the ability to do work or the capacity to move matter from one place to another. ENERGY 338. The energy of position or condition. POTENTIAL ENERGY 339. The energy of motion. KINETIC ENERGY 340. According to this law, energy can change from one form or another, but it can never be created nor destroyed. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 341. It is the total energy coming from the attractive and repulsive forces of all the molecules in a body. THERMAL ENERGY 342. It is the energy transferred from an object with a high temperature to one with a trim down temperature. HEAT ENERGY343. It is the energy stored in matter due to forces of attraction and the arrangement of subatomic particles in atoms and of atoms in the molecules of substance. CHEMICAL ENERGY 344. It is the energy of electrons flowing through conduc tors. ELECTRICAL ENERGY OR electricity 345. It is defined as the changing of one form of energy into another form. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION 346. It involves the transfer of heat energy from one material or system to another. HEAT TRANSFER 347. It is the transfer of heat from one matter to another. It occurs when two objects at different temperatures are in direct contact. CONDUCTION 348. efficiency transfer through solid particles. CONDUCTION349. Materials that conduct heat easily. CONDUCTORS 350. Materials in which heat energy cannot pass through. INSULATORS 351. It is the transfer of heat in a gas or liquid. CONVECTION 352. It is the transfer of energy that does not assume matter. RADIATION 353. Energy transfer through an empty space in the form of waves. RADIATION 354. These were formed during the decay of organisms that lived millions years ago. FOSSIL FUELS 355. It forms as a result of the decay of plants in the absence of oxygen. scorch 356. The brownish substance in the deca ying materials of plants. PEAT357. The second stage of coal formation. It is a brown coal composed of compressed woody matter that has lost all its moisture. LIGNITE 358. The third stage of coal formation. It is a dense, dark, brittle material that has lost all its moisture and impurities. BITUMINOUS COAL 359. It is the final stage of coal formation. It has the least impurities because it is mostly carbon. ANTHRACITE COAL 360. It is an important hydrocarbon found in nature within pores and fractures of rocks. petroleum OR CRUDE OIL 361. It is the easiest fossil fuel to transport and the cleanest when burned. NATURAL GAS 362. It refers to the production of electricity by means of generators driven by water turbines as an energy source. HYDROELECTRIC POWER363. It comes from the internal heat of the earth. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 364. It is produced by fission or the splitting of the atoms nucleus. NUCLEAR ENERGY 365. It is the abnormal increase in the temperature of bodies of water. THERMA L POLLUTION 366. A waste product which destroys cells, changes inheritable materials, and even kills the plant and animal population living near the power plant. RADIATION 367. It is the harnessing of wind for energy needs. WIND POWER 368. It is the radiant energy from the sun. SOLAR ENERGY369. A device which collects energy from the sun and transforms it directly into electricity. SOLAR CELL OR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL 370. It is a possible generator of electricity with the two-way flow of water through narrow passages. TIDAL POWER 371. These are burnable fuels which are made from organic matter. BIOMASS FUELS 372. This is a combination of alcohol and gasoline. GASOHOL OR ALCOGAS 373. It is the wise and careful use of energy resources. ENERGY CONSERVATION

Patron Saint of Butterflies Essay Essay

The main characters of the stratum are love, and Agnes. The whole book was written in a switch off format which is when lamb and Agnes to each one write a chapter on what happened in there own imaginations. The story shows a kindred between two girls that slowly grow apart dimension tight onto what they have remaining in their fri residuumship. The characters are passion, her dad which is Mr. Little, Mrs. Little, Nana Pete, Lillian, benne, and the owners of Mount Blessing, Mother Veronica and Father Emmanuel.In this story, the characters are in a conflict Mother Veronica and Father Emmanuel were the ones that were against Lillian, Nana Pete, erotic love, and Agnes. There were against each other because Father Emmanuel was punishing the deal that lived on Mount Blessing. The story started like this, Agnes was looking for Honey she got into trouble. Honey was punished by Emmanuel because she kissed a boy, on her back Veronica had carved the word har can. Soon, Nana Pete (Agn es and Bennys grandmother) found come on to the highest degree the regulation room where people were being punished at.Nana Pete decides to leave after she found out, when Benny had his finger slammed in the door. Someone had called the police, but because Emmanuel knew he was going to get into trouble if the police come, so he decides to it on himself clumsily. Nana Pete takes him to the hospital where they had to undo everything that Emmanuel had done. Right after Benny had woken up, they escape from Mount lenience where Agnes really doesnt want to because she wants to become a saint, but Honey dreads to escape that place from the sidereal day her was born.Honey had to say goodbye to Winky, the person that Honey owns a utterfly garden with. Honey also left a note about if Agnes ever goes back, Honey made Winky call the cops. They travel across from computerized tomography all the way to Texas. On the way, Agnes faced a clutch of things that were considered a sin, like eating immobilize that are red, watching T. V. and listening to the radio which was all considered sins but Honey did all of them even when she knew it was against the rules on Mount Blessing.Agnes struggles to be with Honey because of their differences, especially when they arrive to the destination and meet a girl amed Lillian. Actually, Lillian is Honeys mother that had left her when she was only a baby, the story of her mother was complicated. She was wonderful at the fiddle when she had went to Mount Blessing, so she instantly was accepted into Emmanuels inner group which usually take days to do. But at that clock time she was already pregnant but the people in the inner class knew nothing about it, when they did, Honey was already born into this world, so they made Lillian go away and permit Honey stay with Lillians brother, Joseph (Mr.Little).Things turn out pretty well until Nana Pete had died from a heart attacked. Honey and Agnes had a major fight after Agnes was praying fo r Nana Pete to come back alive, Honey said that it was impossible and had both(prenominal) argument that had caused Honey to hit Agnes. Rushing out the door, Honey hopped into the truck and then drove to the lead astray Lillian owned. She rushed in causing everyone to suddenly look at her, and then she dragged Lillian back, at that same time Agnes had called her parents to fly here and go pick up Agnes.After her parents arrive, Mr. Little called Lillian the name she was given at Mount Blessing. After Agnes left, that was when Honey found out Lillian was her mother, also she finally knew the reason why Nana Pete tough her like her own grandchild. When Agnes arrived at Mount Blessing, she saw there were rows of police cars parked in movement of the regulation room, the cops wanted to see all of the children, alone, that is when Emmanuel said remember, we are believers meaning for them to not tell anything about the room.Because the children were so scared they all didnt respond to the negative things that were mentioned about Mount Blessing. But then, Agnes judgment about what was right and what she should do, slowly with trembling legs, she stood up. At the same time, Honey and Lillian was driving to Mount Blessing, when they arrive, the cops arrived because of the detail that Winky had called the police. A few weeks later, all of the parents were to be kept in order to be questioned, that is when Honey and Agnes assume on the same line, and race each other to the finish line.They raced each other at the end because Agnes wanted to be a saint, and she thought racing was a sin, but she finally loosened up from what Honey had helped her with. I thought this book was the adventurous kind in the beginning, but then did I find out it was about mavinship and love. This book was very touching from what Honey had described in one of the chapters about how Agnes had changed from the friend that she use to know to what she is now, a saint to be.I thought that it was steep when I read to the part about that they were hit by Emmanuel. To what I think, people should not be punished by what they have done retributive according to the rules that some guy had made, and I thought that if the kids dont want to live there, why do their parents make them? In a lot of the chapters, it showed that Agnes had a string that was tied around the waist, and every time she had committed a sin, she would tighten the string, just imagining it I would think would be hard enough for me, but to do it, it takes guts.This booked talked a lot about friendship and trust, and I also thought it was so touching when it told the ending about how they raced each other. It would be hard for me to ever still hold on to the friendship that Agnes and Honey had held on to, I would just have stopped being friends with Agnes instead of trying to convince her back to being normal. I really loved this book because it connected with the experiences that I had, my friend, well more like best friend had started to fit in with the crowd, and soon, she pretended that she didnt ever know me.But before I came to America, I had to say goodbye to her, and she said that the only reason she left me was because I started making new friends and didnt even talk to her. The misunderstanding was all over, but the things that had already happened could not be solved, so I felt that I was in the same relationship with my best friend just like how Agnes and Honey was. This story could be told to all ages and not to a limited age, it talks about friendship, trust, and most important, holding onto your friend.

Discuss 10 major pieces of legislation, including names, years of passage…

Our society at present is composed mostly of get a ached individuals who call for long verge occupy. Over the last century, the types of illnesses that had affected the American venerable had begun to change. The most common examples in the elderly today include arthritis (46 portion), hypertension (38 percent), hearing impairments and heart conditions (28 percent each), visual and orthopedic impairments (14 percent each), and diabetes (8 percent). About 80 to 85 percent of those over 65 have at least one and only(a) chronic condition, and a substantial proportion have more than one such condition (Oktay, 1985).The federal government had passed a number of rectitudes that have directly and indirectly affected the elderly population as it relates to their semipermanent business concern. These legislations will be discussed in this paper to demonstrate how relevant it is to the condole with of the elderly. chairwoman Lyndon Baines Johnson sign(a) the Housing Act of 1965 in to equity in 1965, which was a bump of the presidents Great edict program (Listokin and Burchell, n. d). The bill created the program that made subsidies available for low- and moderate-income rental units, and it also authorized the subsidy that fostered al-Qaida ownership by the poor.The hold needs of inner-city areas were to be met by specially targeted subsidies. The best-known subsidy visualise was the Model Cities Program (authorized by the 1966 Demonstration Cities Act), which focused on upgrading the physical (housing, public facilities) as intimately as the social (education, job training) aspects of inner-city areas. It also recognized the needs of older people for non-institutional congregate housing sites, most of which were age related. There are several programs that deliver the goods supportive housing to the frail elderly.The part of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administers the Section 202 program, under which subsidies are provided for the building a nd managing of rental housing for the elderly (Clark, 1996). This legislation offered modern go for the elderly to remain in their own homes and be cared for. The Medicare and Medicaid programs were signed into law on July 30, 1965. President Lyndon B. Johnson is pictured at the signing ceremony in Independence, Missouri at the Truman library (Medicare2006). These are two U. S. government programs that guarantee wellness insurance for the elderly and the poor, respectively.They were formally enacted in 1965 as Discuss 10 major pieces of legislation, including names, classs of changeover knave 2 amendments (Titles XVIII and XIX, respectively) to the Social pledge Act (1935) and went into effect in 1966. Medicare is a federal health insurance program with a undifferentiated eligibility and benefit structure throughout the U. S. The program covers most persons entitled to Social Security benefits, persons under age 65 entitled to disability benefits, and some persons with end- stage renal disease (Clark, 1966).Medicare is designed to meet the health care needs of acute diseases quite than long-term care. Medicare benefits are provided under two parts Part A, infirmary Insurance and Part B, Supplementary Medical Insurance. Although most Medicare recipients receive benefits under fee-for-service arrangements, approximately 10 percent of Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in managed care plans. Under current law, Medicare home health benefits under either part are targeted at persons recovering from an acute illness.The beneficiary must be homebound and services must be ordered and reviewed periodically by a physician. Medicaid is a federal- tell apart matching entitlement program providing medical assist to low-income persons who are aged, blind, disabled, members of families with dependent children, or meet certain other criteria for need. Within federal guidelines, each state designs and administers its own program. There is considerable variation fro m state to state in persons covered, benefits included, and amounts of wages for services.Medicaid finances home- and community-based care under three coverage options (a) home health care, (b) personal care, and (c) home- and community-based waiver services. Medicaid is more responsive to the long-term care of the elderly than Medicare especially for those who are poor and disadvantaged. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Older Americans Act into law on July 14, 1965. In addition to creating the Administration on maturation, it authorized grants to States for community planning and services programs, as well as for research, demonstration and training projects in the field of aging.Later amendments to the Act added grants to Area Agencies on Aging for local needs identification, planning, and funding of services, including but not limited to nutrition programs in the community as well as for those who are homebound programs which serve Native American elders services targeted at low-income nonage elders health promotion and disease prevention Discuss 10 major pieces of legislation, including names, years of passage Page 3 ctivities in-home services for frail elders, and those services which protect the rights of older persons such as the long term care ombudsman program (http//www. vec. virginia. gov). This insurance was an answer to many of the domestic difficulties of the elderly, it gave them supportive services that has been incorporated in the long-term care program of the elderly. The Age Discrimination in interlocking Act of 1967 (ADEA) protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment secernment based on age. The ADEAs protections apply to both(prenominal) employees and job applicants.Under the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against a person because of his/her age with respect to any term, condition, or claim of employment, including hiring, firing, promotion, layoff, compensation, benefits, job assignments, and tra ining (The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). The act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on December 15, 1967. Through this insurance, the employed elderly were protected from unjust employment practices, in social intercourse to long-term care it gave the elderly earning power and thus could pay for health insurance that would pay for their health care needs.The Americans with Disabilities Act (adenosine deaminase) was signed into law by President bush-league on July 26, 1990. The central mathematical function of this Act is to extend to individuals with disabilities civil rights protections similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion. Based on the concepts of the renewal Act of 1973, the ADA guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in employment, public accommodation, deportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications.The ADA is the most of import federa l law ensuring the full civil rights of all individuals with disabilities (Wodatch, 1990). This policy gave persons with disability the opportunity to become functioning individuals in society, however, The policy is really not that relevant to longterm care, wherein people with mild or moderate disabilities are the only ones who can benefit from this policy since those who need institutional care and long-term care cannot become fully functioning members of society.Signed into law by President Nixon in 1972, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program replaced a patchwork of state programs for the aged, blind, and disabled. SSI improves the Discuss 10 major pieces of legislation, including names, years of passage Page 4 quality of life for persons who are elderly or have a disability by providing pecuniary support, incentives to work, and access to medical care (through Medicaid enrollment in SSI generally brings with it eligibility for Medicaid).These elements of the program h ave helped make it possible for poor people who are elderly or have disabilities to gain freedom from destitution and institutional care (Sweeney and Fremstad, 2005). The policy makes the costs of long-term care more bearable for the elderly and the poor, it however increases the administration of caring and nursing in the home rather than in institutions. On September 26, 1973, President Nixon signed the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 into law. This is a civil rights law to prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability in programs and activities, public and private that receives federal financial tending.Section 504 states that no qualified individual with a disability in the United States shall be excluded from, denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity that either receives Federal financial assistance or is conducted by any Executive agency or the United States Postal Service (Pfeiffer, 2002). This policy was the first to address th e need and rights of persons with disabilities but was consequently met with opposition from the general public as it meant endowment equal opportunity to persons with disability.The policy increased the ask for rehabilitative services but at that snip was limited. Title XX of the Social Security Amendments of 1974 authorized grants to states for social services. These programs included protective services, lady of the house services, transportation services, adult day care services, training for employment, information and referral, nutrition assistance, and health support (Oktay, 1985). The funds were distributed to the states fit to the size of the population. States were to define the eligible population and design a package of services (many of which were mandated).While Title XX funds were not earmarked for the elderly, there are a number of services, which are targeted primarily to elderly populations, among them, homemaker services. In FY 1982, the Title XX funds were r eplaced by the Social Services block grant which allowed the states to tell apart the programs and services that they want to spend on to alleviate the Discuss 10 major pieces of legislation, including names, years of passage Page 5 conditions of the needy. However, social services for the elderly who can take care of themselves maybe provided.Most states provide homemaker and chore services as well as adult protective and emergency services for their elderly citizens, in order to prevent or reduce inappropriate institutional care (Clark, 1996). On July 1, 1988, President Bush signed into law H. R. 2470, the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988 (MCCA). This law provided the most significant expansion of the Medicare program since its inception. It also contained numerous technical amendments to the Medicare and Medicaid programs, as well as three new Medicaid provisions.However, the following year, the President signed into law Public Law 101-234 that repealed the major expan sions of the Medicare program enacted the previous year (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services). The act expanded Medicare coverage of inpatient hospital care and will also provide wages for outpatient prescription drugs and home i. v. therapy. For the prescription drug benefit, deductible and coinsurance payments will be phased in, and Medicare will establish payment limits. A per diem fee schedule will be established to pay for the supplies and services used in home i. . therapy. Providers of home therapy must have qualifications specified by the act (Grealy, 1989).The policy increased the bring for training of health-care providers that are home-based. It gave the elderly long-term care in their own homes rather than in hospitals or institutional facilities. It also paved the way for the employment boom of caregivers in the country. On July 26, 1990, President George H. W. Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) the worlds first comprehensiv e civil rights law for people with disabilities.The Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, in public services (Title II), in public accommodations and in telecommunications (U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). The policy enforced guidelines that called for states to review the funding they gave to long-term care. It also emphasized the desegregation of the mentally disabled from the rest of society. The act has brought a decrease of admittance to nursing and institutional facilities, and increased the demand for home-based healthcare services.